📖 Lecture 3: Loops and Arrays (Derived from Activities and Tutorials)

• Loops: Used to execute a block of code multiple times.
  • For Loop: Contains an initialization, condition, and increment/decrement. If a semicolon is placed immediately after the loop header (e.g., for(int i=0; i<5; i++);), the loop runs without executing any body block [12].
  • Nested Loops: A loop inside another loop. The inner loop finishes all its iterations for every single iteration of the outer loop [12].
• Loop Control:
  • break: Exits the loop entirely [12].
  • continue: Skips the rest of the current iteration and jumps to the next iteration [12].
• Arrays: Used to store multiple values in a single variable (e.g., int[] arr = {10, 20, 30};) [12].
  • Array indexing always starts at 0 [12].
  • Attempting to access an index outside the array size (e.g., arr[12] in a 3-element array) causes an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException [12, 13].
  • Enhanced For-Loop: Iterates over arrays using a copy of the elements, meaning modifying the loop variable does not modify the original array [13].