Lecture 10 Summary: Advanced Function Concepts

1. Advanced Parameters

• Multiple Parameters: Functions can take multiple inputs separated by commas. Parameters act as local variables inside the function.
• Default Parameter Values: You can assign a default value to a parameter using the equals sign (=).
  • Usage: If an argument is omitted during the function call, the default value is used.
  • Example: void myFunc(string country = "Norway").

2. Passing Arrays to Functions

• When an array is passed to a function, C++ passes the address of the first element (pointer) rather than a copy of the whole array.
• Syntax: void myFunction(int myNumbers[5]).

3. Recursion

• Definition: A programming technique where a function calls itself.
• Purpose: It provides a way to break complicated problems down into simpler, solvable problems.
• Mechanism: Each recursive call should move closer to a Base Case (a condition that stops the recursion).
  • Example: A sum(k) function that returns k + sum(k-1) until k is 0.